Outcome Measures for IECMHC

Child · Screening Tool

Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ-SE-2)

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Screening Tool
Construct: Child's social-emotional competence; Challenging behaviors
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Norwegian; French
Length: 10 to 15 minutes to complete; 2 to 3 minutes to score
Description: A screening tool with questions related to a child’s behavior and social interactions to detect developmental concerns related to self-regulation, compliance, communication, adaptive behaviors, autonomy, affect, and interaction with people.
Subscales: N/A
Published Psychometrics?: Yes Squires, J., Bricker, D., Twombly, E., Murphy, K., Hoselton, R., Dolata, J., & Chen, C. Y. (2015). ASQ: SE-2 technical report.
Citation for Tool: Bricker, D. D., Squires, J., & Twombly, E. (2002). Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE): A Parent-completed, Child-monitoring System for Social-Emotional Behaviors. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase on the Ages and Stages website
Norms: No norms

Child · Assessment Tool

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Child Teacher Report Form (CTRF)

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Assessment Tool
Construct: Challenging behaviors
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Spanish; Chinese; Japanese; Hindi; German; Tagalog; Portuguese; Polish; Korean; Dutch; Other
Length: 20 to 30 minutes; 99 items
Description: A widely used measure of a broad range of challenging behaviors at home and at school, with scores that show the type of concern and possible diagnostic categories.
Subscales: Overall Scores: Externalizing, Internalizing, and Total Problem scores Syndrome Scales: Emotionally Reactive, Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Withdrawn, Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Sleep Problems. DSM-oriented scales: Affective Problems, Anxiety Problems, Pervasive Developmental Problems, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems, Stress Problems, Autism Spectrum Problems, and Oppositional Defiant Problems.
Published Psychometrics?: Yes See for example: Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Rescorla, L. A., Harder, V. S., Ang, R. P., Bilenberg, N., ... & Dobrean, A. (2010). Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: testing the seven-syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5–5. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(12), 1215-1224.
Citation for Tool: Achenbach, T.M., & Rescorla, L.A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase on the ASEBA.org website
Norms: Has norms

Child · Assessment Tool

Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA-P, second edition, DECA-I/T, DECA-C)

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Assessment Tool
Construct: Child's social-emotional competence
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Spanish
Length: 5-10 minutes; DECA-P2 (38 items); DECA-I (33 items); DECA-T (36 items); DECA-C (62 items)
Description: An age-based behavior rating scale completed by parents and/or teachers that provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience, as well as screening for behavioral concerns.
Subscales: Vary based on measure: DECA-I: Total Protective Factors, Initiative, Attachment/Relationship DECA-T: Total Protective Factors, Initiative, Self-Regulation, Attachment/Relationships DECA-P2: Total Protective Factors, Initiative, Self-Regulation, Attachment/Relationships, DECA-C: Total Protective Factors, Initiative, Self-Control, Attachment, Total Behavioral Concerns, Aggression, Attention Problems, Emotional Control Problems, Withdrawal/Depression, Increased Concern Items
Published Psychometrics?: Yes LeBuffe, P.A. & Naglieri, J.A. (2012). User’s guide and technical manual-preschool. Lewisville, NC: Kaplan Early Learning Company.
Citation for Tool: LeBuffe, P.A. & Naglieri, J.A. (2003). Devereux early childhood assessment—clinical form. Lewisville, NC: Kaplan Early Learning Company. Mackrain, M., LeBuffe, P., & Powell, G. (2007). Devereux early childhood assessment for infants and toddlers. Lewisville, NC: Kaplan Early Learning Company LeBuffe, P.A. & Naglieri, J.A. (2012). Devereux early childhood assessment for preschoolers, second edition. Lewisville, NC: Kaplan Early Learning Company.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase through the Devereux Center for Resilient Children
Norms: Has norms

Child · Screening Tool · Assessment Tool

Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and Brief Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA)

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Screening Tool Assessment Tool
Construct: Child's social-emotional competence; Challenging behaviors
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English
Length: 7 to 15 minutes for BITSEA (42 items), about 30 minutes for ITSEA (166-173 items)
Description: A measure of social or emotional behavior problems and competencies in infants and toddlers 1-3 years old. The BITSEA is a screener whereas the ITSEA is an assessment.
Subscales: The BITSEA yields a Problem Total Score and a Competence Total Score. The ITSEA provides a full profile of problems and competencies, encompassing 17 subscales within 4 domains: 1) Externalizing, 2) Internalizing, 3) Dysregulation, 4) Competence. It also provides scores for three clusters: Maladaptive, Social Relatedness, and Atypical.
Published Psychometrics?: Yes Carter, A. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Jones, S. M., & Little, T. D. (2003). The infant–toddler social and emotional assessment (ITSEA): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 31(5), 495-514.
Citation for Tool: Carter, A.S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. (2005). ITSEA BITSEA: The Infant-Toddler and Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment. PsychCorp: San Antonio, TX.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase through Mapi Research Trust
Norms: No norms

Child · Screening Tool

Preschool Expulsion Risk Measure

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Screening Tool
Construct: Expulsion risk
Respondent: Teacher
Language(s): English
Length: Less than 10 minutes; 12 items
Description: The PERM measures teacher factors that influence likelihood of expulsion for young children.
Subscales: Classroom Disruption, Fear of Accountability, Hopelessness, and Teacher Stress
Published Psychometrics?: Yes One study Gilliam, W. S., & Reyes, C. R. (2018). Teacher decision factors that lead to preschool expulsion. Infants & Young Children, 31(2), 93-108.
Citation for Tool: Gilliam, W. S., & Reyes, C. R. (2018). Teacher decision factors that lead to preschool expulsion. Infants & Young Children, 31(2), 93-108.
In the Public Domain?: Yes - Available on Research Gate

Child · Assessment Tool

Preschool-Kindergarten Behavior Scales

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Assessment Tool
Construct: Challenging behaviors; Child's social-emotional competence
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Spanish
Length: 10 to 15 minutes; 76 items
Description: A rating scale that provides functional appraisal of problem behaviors and social skills in children ages 3 to 6 from the perspectives of teachers, parents, and other caregivers.
Subscales: The Social Skills scale has three subscales: Social Cooperation, Social Interaction, and Social Independence. The Problem Behaviors scale has two subscales: Internalizing Behaviors and Externalizing Behaviors
Published Psychometrics?: Yes Merrell, K. W. (2002). PKBS-2: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales: Examiner’s Manual (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Citation for Tool: Merrell, K. W. (2002). PKBS-2: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales: Examiner’s Manual (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase through Pro-Ed, Inc.
Norms: Has norms

Child · Assessment Tool

Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) (now called Social Skills Improvement System [SSIS])

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Assessment Tool
Construct: Challenging behaviors; Child's social-emotional competence
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Spanish
Length: 15 to 20 minutes; 40 to 57 items
Description: A rating scale that measures behavior problems, social skills, and academic competence intended for universal screening, intervention planning, and/or progress monitoring.
Subscales: Problem Behaviors scale (Externalizing, Internalizing, Hyperactivity) Social Skills scale (Cooperation, Empathy. Assertion, Responsibility, and Self-Control) Academic Competence Scale
Published Psychometrics?: Yes Gresham, FM, Elliott, SN (2008) Social skills improvement system: Rating scales. Pearson Assessments, Bloomington, MN
Citation for Tool: Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). The Social Skills Rating System. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Gresham, F. M., Elliott, S. N. (2008). Social skills improvement system: Rating scales. Pearson Assessments., Bloomington, MN.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase through Pearson Assessments
Norms: Has norms

Child · Screening Tool

Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Child)

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Screening Tool
Construct: Challenging behaviors; Child's social-emotional competence
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Afrikaans; Arabic; Chinese; Dutch; Farsi; Hindi; Italian; Japanese; Korean; Punjabi; Russian; Spanish; Thai; Urdu; Other
Length: 5-10 minutes; 25 items (plus 31 items for impact supplement, 32 items for follow-up)
Description: A brief mental health screening questionnaire. The optional impact supplement quantifies functional impairment and the follow-up version assesses change over time. This measure can be used to screen an individual child or to gauge the prevalence and impact of behavioral challenges in a classroom.
Subscales: Total difficulties score, prosocial behavior, peer problems, emotional problems, hyperactivity, and conduct problems. In addition, there is an Impact score if the SDQ impact supplement is used
Published Psychometrics?: Yes See for example: Goodman, R., & Scott, S. (1999). Comparing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist: is small beautiful?. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 27(1), 17-24.
Citation for Tool: Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 38(5), 581-586.
In the Public Domain?: Yes - Available through sdqinfo.org
Norms: No norms

Child · Assessment Tool

Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory-Revised

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Assessment Tool
Construct: Challenging behaviors
Respondent: Teacher
Language(s): English; Spanish
Length: 5-10 minutes; 38 items
Description: A teacher-report measure used to assess conduct problems in youth ages 2 to 16. Teachers are able to indicate the current frequency of behavior problems and to indicate whether they find the behaviors to be problematic.
Subscales: Problem Scale Intensity Scale
Published Psychometrics?: Yes See for example: Querido, J. G., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Psychometric properties of the sutter-eyberg student behavior inventory-revised with preschool children. Behavior Therapy, 34(1), 1-15.
Citation for Tool: Eyberg, S., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory & Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory-Revised: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase from Psychology Assessment Resources, Inc.
Norms: Has norms

Child · Assessment Tool

The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3)

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Level: Child Level
Type of Tool: Assessment Tool
Construct: Child's social-emotional competence; Challenging behaviors
Respondent: Teacher; Parent
Language(s): English; Spanish
Length: 10 to 20 minutes for Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) and Parent Rating Scales (PRS); 105-165 items
Description: A tool that describes children’s observed adaptive and problem behaviors, including internalizing and externalizing problems. Subscales include a wide range of commonly occurring behavioral and emotional difficulties among young children.
Subscales: 4 Composite scales: Adaptive Skills, Behavioral Symptoms Index, Externalizing Problems, Internalizing Problems 11 Clinical and Adaptive Scales (e.g., Anxiety, Adaptability) 6 Content scales (e.g., Anger Control, Developmental Social Disorders) 2 Clinical Index scales (e.g., Functional Impairment Index) 4 Executive Functioning Index Scales (e.g., Emotional Control Index)
Published Psychometrics?: Yes See for example: Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2015). Behaviour Assessment System for Children– Third Edition Manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
Citation for Tool: Reynolds, C. R., Kamphaus, R. W., & Vannest, K. J. (2015). BASC3: Behavior assessment system for children. PsychCorp.
In the Public Domain?: No - Available for purchase through Pearson Assessments; scoring for purchase on Q-Global
Norms: Has norms

Outcome Measures for IECMHC

Child measures

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Child Teacher Report Form (CTRF)

Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA-P, second edition, DECA-I/T, DECA-C)

Preschool Expulsion Risk Measure

Preschool-Kindergarten Behavior Scales

Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Child)

Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory-Revised

The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3)

Disclaimers

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